It’s an interesting article but I think its more likely that the ratings are calculated differently. The title makes it sound as if there was some real-world data proving that Samsung is better, but the only data source is the number they put on the energy label.
In terms of preservation, digital media is surely superior if you use it right (i.e. using long-lasting storage media, backups and error detection).
But, some people prefer physical books just for the experience. Also physical books don’t need electricity.
Also, a DRM-free ebook may still miss some layout or images compared to a printed copy, depending on the format and how good it’s made.
All in all, I still prefer e-books.
I don’t know, but even if they were I can’t imagine it’d be easy to prove that the labels are wrong. After all, I’m not aware of any data collection on degradation or failures of batteries at the required scale and precision. And I don’t think the ratings constitute a warranty, i.e. I don’t think you’re entitled to anything if your particular phone falls short of the after the 2-year warranty expires.
But I sure would like there to be some standard that allows collecting these kinds of metrics in a way that’s privacy-preserving and can’t be fudged by manufactureres.